Allyl chloride is primarily utilized in the production of plastics and serves various other industrial purposes. Despite its utility, it poses significant hazards. Therefore, organizations that depend on this chemical must be aware of its associated risks and adhere to appropriate safety protocols. 

Managing chemical safety is complex, especially when handling hazardous substances like Allyl Chloride. It’s not just about understanding the risks but also about ensuring proper storage and handling. To work safely with this chemical, it’s important to know its physical properties, potential hazards, and best safety practices. Keep reading to learn more. 

 

What is Allyl Chloride? 

Allyl chloride is a liquid that can appear colorless, brown, yellow, or purple and has a strong, unpleasant odor. In addition to being commonly known as Allyl Chloride, it is also referred to by several other names, including 1-Chloro-2-propene, 3-Chloropropene, and 3-Chloropropylene. This chemical is widely used in the production of plastics, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals and serves as a key building block for various other chemical products. 

 

Key Points to Know for Easy Identification of Allyl Chloride 

  • CAS No: 107-05-1 
  • Formula: CH₂=CHCH₂Cl 
  • Boiling Point: 113°F 
  • Flash Point: -25°F 
  • Class IB Flammable Liquid: Has a flash point below 73°F and a boiling point of 100°F or higher. 
  • Exposure Limits: TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3)(OSHA PEL) 

 

Industries that Require Allyl Chloride:

 

  • Chemical Industry:  

 Allyl chloride is mainly used to make epichlorohydrin. It is important for producing epoxy resins and other industrial chemicals. 

 

  • Pharmaceutical Industry: 

 It serves as a precursor in synthesizing various drugs and medications, including certain antiviral and antibiotic agents.  

 

  • Agriculture:  

 Allyl chloride is used to produce pesticides and herbicides that protect crops and improve yields.  

 

  • Manufacturing:  

 This chemical is used to create synthetic rubber and other materials that make strong and durable products. 

 

  • Water Treatment:  

Allyl chloride is used in making chemicals that help clean and purify water. 

 

Is Allyl Chloride Hazardous? 

 

Yes, and here’s a real-life example of how dangerous it can be. On April 12, 2004, at MFG Chemical, Inc. in Dalton, Georgia, a routine production batch took a disastrous turn. A runaway chemical reaction caused toxic and flammable allyl chloride and allyl alcohol to leak into the surrounding community. The situation quickly escalated, forcing the evacuation of over 200 families. Handling this situation became tougher for emergency responders too who rushed to the scene. 15 police officers and ambulance personnel had to undergo decontamination. In total, 154 people needed medical attention. Also, one worker suffered severe chemical burns.  

Source Link: https://www.csb.gov/in-final-report-on-2004-toxic-vapor-release-from-mfg-chemical-csb-calls-for-improved-emergency-planning-by-georgia-whitfield-county-and-city-of-dalton/ 

 

Hazardous Effects of Allyl Chloride 

 

1. Health Hazards:  

  • Acute Effect:  

 High levels of allyl chloride exposure can cause eye and respiratory irritation and may even lead to unconsciousness.   

 

  • Chronic Effect:  

 Breathing in allyl chloride for a long time can harm the liver and kidneys. However, the damage may heal if exposure stops or is reduced. It can also affect the nervous system. 

 

2. Fire Hazard: 

It is highly flammable and can cause fires or explosions. 

 

3. Environmental Risk: 

It can harm plants, animals, and water sources if not handled properly. 

 

Safety Guide for Handling Allyl Chloride 

To ensure safety while handling allyl chloride, it is important to follow these precautions:  

 

1. First Aid Measures:  

 

  • Inhalation:  

 Move to fresh air. Seek medical help in case of extreme situations.  

 

  • Skin Contact: 

 Remove contaminated clothes. Also, rinse skin with water. Get medical help if experiencing an extreme situation.  

 

  • Eye Contact:  

 Rinse eyes with plenty of water. Besides, remove contact lenses. Also, consult a doctor. 

 

  • Ingestion:  

 Consulting a doctor is necessary in case the victim has swallowed allyl chloride. Also, it’s necessary to give water to provide relief (max two glasses).  

 

2. Fire Fighting Measures: 

 

  • Choose Suitable Extinguishing Media:  

 Some of the suitable extinguishing media can be carbon dioxide (CO2), foam dry powder. 

 

  • Tips for Fire Fighters:   

 Enter hazardous areas only with a self-contained breathing apparatus. Maintain a safe distance or wear protective clothing to prevent skin contact. 

 

  • Additional Information: 

 Move containers away from the fire and cool them with water. 

 

3. Accidental Release Measure: 

 

  • Personal Safety:  

 Avoid breathing in vapor or aerosol. Moreover, touching substances can be dangerous. Do not touch the substance. Ensure proper ventilation and keep away from heat or ignition sources. Evacuate the area and seek expert advice. 

 

  • Environmental Precautions:  

 Prevent the chemical from entering drains, as it may cause an explosion risk. 

 

  • Cleanup Methods:  

 Cover drains to prevent contamination. Absorb spills with suitable materials and collect them carefully.  

 

 

4. Handling and Storage Guide: 

 

  • Use Protective Equipment: 

 Wear gloves, goggles, and protective clothing to avoid skin and eye contact.  

 

  • Ensure Proper Ventilation: 

 Work in well-ventilated areas to prevent inhaling toxic fumes. 

 

  • Follow Storage Guidelines: 

 Keep allyl chloride in sealed containers. It should be kept away from heat, sparks, and flames. 

 

  • Ideal Storage Condition:  

 Store in a tightly sealed container in a dry, well-ventilated area. All the containers should be kept away from heat and ignition sources. Moreover, maintain a recommended storage temperature of 2–8°C for stability. 

 

  • Handle with Care: 

Avoid spills and leaks. While transferring the liquid use proper tools.  

 

  • Emergency Preparedness: 

 Have fire extinguishers, first aid kits, and emergency showers nearby. 

 

  • Dispose of Waste Properly: 

 Being familiar with the local regulations for chemical disposal is necessary to ensure compliance. It also helps prevent environmental damage. 

 

Conclusion:

Although Allyl chloride is hazardous, careful handling and proper planning can help prevent accidents. Organizations using this chemical should not only understand its risks but also educate employees about its dangers and safe handling methods. It is important to train all workers to follow safety measures to protect themselves and the environment.